6-dof tracking using visual cues

ABSTRACT

Methods, systems, and computer program products are described for obtaining, from a first tracking system, an initial three-dimensional (3D) position of an electronic device in relation to image features captured by a camera of the electronic device and obtaining, from a second tracking system, an orientation associated with the electronic device. Responsive to detecting a movement of the electronic device, obtaining, from the second tracking system, an updated orientation associated with the detected movement of the electronic device, generating and providing a query to the first tracking system, the query corresponding to at least a portion of the image features and including the updated orientation and the initial 3D position of the electronic device, generating, for a sampled number of received position changes, an updated 3D position for the electronic device and generating a 6-DoF pose using the updated 3D positions and the updated orientation for the electronic device.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to 6-DoF (Degrees of Freedom) trackingtechnology.

BACKGROUND

Augmented reality devices are configured to display one or more imagesand/or objects over a physical space to provide an augmented view of thephysical space to a user. The objects in the augmented view may betracked by tracking systems that detect and measure coordinate changesfor the moving objects. Tracking moving objects in augmented reality maybe difficult if a background associated with the moving object includessparsely populated content or content that is difficult to differentiatefrom the object. For example, when a tracking system is directed totrack a moving object and any related content in front of a featurelesswall, motion may not be properly tracked and, in turn, may not beproperly displayed to the user according to actual captured motion.Thus, improved systems and methods may be desired for tracking objectsand content in a featureless environment surrounding particular objects.

SUMMARY

A system of one or more computers can be configured to performparticular operations or actions by virtue of having software, firmware,hardware, or a combination of them installed on the system that inoperation causes or cause the system to perform the actions. One or morecomputer programs can be configured to perform particular operations oractions by virtue of including instructions that, when executed by dataprocessing apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the actions. In onegeneral aspect, a computer-implemented method includes at least oneprocessing device and memory storing instructions that when executedcause the processing device to perform operations including obtaining,from a first tracking system, an initial three-dimensional (3D) positionof an electronic device in relation to image features captured by acamera of the electronic device, and obtaining, from a second trackingsystem, an orientation associated with the electronic device. Responsiveto detecting a movement of the electronic device, obtaining, from thesecond tracking system, an updated orientation associated with thedetected movement of the electronic device, generating and providing aquery to the first tracking system. The query may correspond to at leasta portion of the image features and including the updated orientationand the initial 3D position of the electronic device.

The method may also include, responsive to detecting the movement,receiving, responsive to the query, a plurality of position changes forthe portion of the image features in relation to the initial 3D positionof the electronic device, generating, for a sampled number of theplurality of position changes, an updated 3D position for the electronicdevice, generating a 6-DoF pose using the updated 3D positions and theupdated orientation for the electronic device, and providing, fordisplay on the electronic device, a camera feed depicting movement ofthe image features based on the movement of the electronic device,according to the generated 6-Dof pose. Other embodiments of this aspectinclude corresponding computer systems, apparatus, and computer programsrecorded on one or more computer storage devices, each configured toperform the actions of the methods.

Implementations may include one or more of the following features. Themethod where the updated 3D positions are generated using a periodicsampling of three dimensions of data for a plurality of image framesrepresenting the position of the portion of the image features relativeto the position of the electronic device. The method where the periodicsampling is performed using a threshold frame rate configured to reducejitter in the movement of the portion of the image features depicted inthe camera feed provided based on the generated 6-DoF pose. The methodwhere providing the camera feed depicting movement of the image featuresbased on the movement of the electronic device according to the 6-DoFpose includes providing placement of virtual objects associated with theuser in the camera feed according to the 6-DoF pose each time theelectronic device is moved. The method where the image features include:portions of a face of a user being captured by the camera of theelectronic device, the camera being a front facing camera and in whichaugmented reality content associated with the user is captured by thefront facing camera. The method where the first tracking system executesa facial feature tracking algorithm configured to determine 3D locationchanges for the image features associated with at least one selectedfacial feature and the second tracking system is an inertial measurementunit (IMU) installed on the electronic device. The method wherecombining output from the first tracking system and output from thesecond tracking system enables tracking and placement of augmentedreality content based on the generated 6-DoF pose, and responsive to thedetected movement of the electronic device.

The method may also include obtaining the updated orientation associatedwith the detected movement of the electronic device from the secondtracking system being performed in response to determining that thefirst tracking system is unable to provide both the position andorientation with 6-DoF. Implementations of the described techniques mayinclude hardware, a method or process, or computer software on acomputer-accessible medium.

In another general aspect, an electronic device is described. Theelectronic device may include a first tracking system configured togenerate a 6-DoF pose for the electronic device corresponding to imagefeatures depicted in a camera feed displayed by the electronic device.The 6-DoF pose may be generated from a determined orientation for theelectronic device, and a determined position for the electronic device.The determined position may be calculated using a facial featuretracking algorithm configured to detect three-dimensional locationchanges for at least one selected facial feature in the image featuresin the camera feed displayed by the electronic device. The secondtracking system may include at least one inertial measurement unit (IMU)for determining an orientation of the electronic device inthree-dimensional space. The electronic device may include at least oneprocessor coupled to memory and configured to trigger the first trackingsystem to generate the 6-DoF pose for the electronic device if the firsttracking system operates within a predefined confidence threshold,trigger the second tracking system to generate an alternate 6-DoF poseif the first tracking system failed to operate within the predefinedconfidence threshold. The alternate 6-DoF pose may be generated bycombining the determined position from the first tracking system and theorientation of the second tracking system. The processor may furthertrigger, for display on the electronic device, an updated camera feeddepicting movement of the image features based on the 6-DoF pose or thealternate 6-DoF pose according to the determined operation of the firsttracking system with respect to the predefined confidence threshold.Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding computer systems,apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one or more computerstorage devices, each configured to perform the actions of the methods.

Implementations may include one or more of the following features. Theelectronic device where the determination of whether the first trackingsystem operates within the predefined confidence threshold is performedupon detecting movement of the electronic device. The electronic devicewhere the facial feature tracking algorithm of the first tracking systemis configured to perform, upon detecting movement of the electronicdevice, a determination of an updated position of the electronic devicerelative to the at least one facial feature, the determination of theupdated position of the electronic device including performing periodicsampling of three dimensions of data of a plurality of images of the atleast one facial feature to reduce jitter in the movement of the atleast one facial feature upon triggering the updated camera feed fordisplay on the electronic device. The electronic device furtherincluding at least one communication module to trigger transmission ofthe 6-DoF pose or the alternate 6-DoF pose to display the image featureson the electronic device based on a plurality of detected movements ofthe electronic device. The electronic device where the 6-DoF pose andthe alternate 6-DoF pose indicate a position of the electronic devicerelative to the at least one selected facial feature. Implementations ofthe described techniques may include hardware, a method or process, orcomputer software on a computer-accessible medium.

The details of one or more implementations are set forth in theaccompanying drawings and the description below. Other features will beapparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A-1C depict an example of viewing and accessing augmented realitycontent within a scene including a user captured by a front-facingcamera of a mobile device.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example pose tracking system, inaccordance with implementations described herein.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example algorithm for performingface-anchored tracking, in accordance with implementations describedherein.

FIGS. 4A-4C are block diagrams depicting examples of selecting an objectof focus for performing pose tracking, in accordance withimplementations described herein.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram depicting an example of selecting a pose foran electronic device, in accordance with implementations describedherein.

FIG. 6 is a graph depicting an example operation of the system of FIG.5.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart diagramming an implementation of a process todetermine a pose for an electronic device, in accordance withimplementations described herein.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a computer device and a mobile computerdevice that can be used with the implementations described here.

The use of similar or identical reference numbers in the variousdrawings is intended to indicate the presence of a similar or identicalelement or feature.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This document describes examples of performing six degrees-of-freedom(6-DoF) movement tracking using visual cues captured by cameras usedwith (or included within) computing platforms. The visual cues mayinclude detected changes in location of facial features, for example, asa user moves in front of an electronic device (e.g., a mobile device)camera. The systems and techniques described herein may use one or moredetected (and camera-captured) facial feature/image feature as an anchorpoint in which to track a pose of the mobile device relative to a user'sface (associated with the facial features) as the mobile device moves.In particular, the systems and techniques described herein can usevisual cues (e.g., facial features) to compute a relative positionbetween a face of a user and the camera of the mobile device beingoperated by the user, as the device and/or the user move.

In some implementations, the systems and techniques described here mayuse one or more detected facial feature movement to track and place (orreposition) augmented reality (AR) or mixed reality (MR) content as theuser and/or mobile device are moved. Such systems and techniques mayprovide an advantage of continuous movement tracking accuracy even ifthe camera-captured content is captured in a featureless backgroundenvironment (e.g., a solid colored wall). In addition, the systems andtechniques described herein may provide an advantage of continuousmovement tracking accuracy when a face covers a majority of a field ofview of the camera capturing the face. Additional signal smoothing andfiltering may also be applied by the systems and techniques describedherein to reduce video and/or image jitter in a particular camera feedbeing depicted on a mobile device.

In addition, the systems and techniques described herein may be used toaccurately track a moving face of a user with respect to AR or MRcontent while properly maintaining positioning of the face and the AR orMR content as either (or both) move during capture by one or morecameras on the mobile device. The tracked movements can be used toaccurately display AR and/or MR content in a user-expected location(with respect to captured content) within the camera feed. For example,the tracked movements may be used to place (and reposition) AR contentand animations on or around the user at a location that the userintended to display the AR animations. Such tracked movements can beused to maintain proper placement of the animations as the user (and/ormobile device) moves and is further (and continually) captured withinthe camera feed.

In some implementations, the systems and techniques described hereinprovide feature-based motion tracking of users and content (e.g., AR/MRcontent, background content, etc.) captured by a front-facing mobiledevice camera for depiction on the mobile device. For example, poses canbe determined for the mobile device with respect to all or portions of amoving face of the user captured by the mobile device camera. Inparticular, such poses can be calculated by determining a rotationassociated with detected motion of the camera device independently fromdetermining a translation (e.g., orientation) of the detected motion. Insome implementations, the motion tracking may include use of a firstalgorithm to determine an orientation of the mobile device with respectto the camera-captured content (e.g., a face). The motion tracking mayfurther include use of a second algorithm to determine a position of themobile device with respect to the camera-captured content (e.g., theface) and/or to a physical space inhabited by the user utilizing themobile device.

According to example implementations described throughout thisdisclosure, the mobile device may utilize the described algorithms todetermine full 6-DoF pose data for use in tracking user movement andpositioning of AR content on or near the user, as the user and/or mobiledevice moves. The implementations described throughout this disclosuremay solve a technical problem of accurately tracking moving contentbeing captured by a front facing camera of a mobile device during an ARexperience, for example. The system may include at least two trackingsystems (employing algorithms) that provide output, which may becombined to generate electronic device poses for accurately displayinguser movements and AR content animations with respect to a moving useroperating the electronic device. A first example tracking system mayinclude a face tracking system that uses face cues to compute therelative position between the face (e.g., facial features) and anonboard camera. A second example tracking system may include a threedegrees-of-freedom (3-DoF) tracking system based on inertial measurementunit (IMU) data obtained from the mobile device housing the front facingcamera.

The technical solutions described herein may provide a technical effectof computing a rotation (e.g., orientation) and translation (e.g., inposition) of motion independent of one another. The computed rotationand translation can be combined to generate a pose representing anoutput with six degrees of freedom.

FIG. 1A is an example depicting augmented reality content within a scene100 including a user captured by a front-facing camera of a mobiledevice 102. In this example, a user 104 may be accessing a camera modethat provides software and algorithms capable of enabling the user 104to generate and place AR and/or MR content around captured (e.g., a liveand real time capture of) images of the user. For example, the user 104may be accessing a front facing camera 106 of the mobile device 102. Theuser may also select or generate captions, words, animations,characters, and other AR, VR, and/or MR content. Such content may beplaced within the UI depicting the camera feed from camera 106. Asshown, the user 104 has added an augmented reality object depicted as avirtual character 108. As the user moves (e.g., walks, shifts, turns)and/or as the user moves the mobile device 102, the camera 106 continuesto capture the user 104. The mobile device 102 may determine the changesin pose of the user as the user and/or mobile device 102 moves. Forexample, the mobile device 102 may determine pose changes as the userand/or device 102 is moved in three-dimensional 3D space (e.g., thex-y-z axis shown in FIG. 1B).

FIG. 1B is an example of an augmented reality scene 100 including a usercaptured by the front-facing camera of the mobile device 102. Forexample, the user may twist rightward (or leftward) from a perpendiculary-axis, as shown by arrow 110. Such a movement may not automaticallytrigger tilting of content (e.g., character 108) at any angle that theuser moves when twisting and/or turning. The systems and techniquesdescribed herein may determine the pose changes of the mobile device 102with respect to the user and/or VR or AR content in order to properlydepict movements of the user and any VR and/or AR content associatedwith the user in the camera feed. Similarly, the systems describedherein may determine pose changes associated with user or mobile devicemovement in a direction associated with z-axis 112 and/or x-axis 114, asshown in FIG. 1B.

In general, a position of the mobile device 102 (and/or position of thecamera of the mobile device) in the physical environment may bedetermined by the systems described herein. The determined position ofthe mobile device/camera in the physical environment may, essentially,correspond to the position of the user in a physical environment. Thesystems described herein can use such a correspondence to determineupdated positions for the mobile device and user.

The placement of the virtual object(s) (the virtual characters 108/108A)may also be known by the systems described herein. In this example, theplacement position of the virtual object may be a placement position ina mixed reality scene (in some implementations, corresponding to acamera view of the physical environment) that corresponds to a physicalposition in the physical environment. This correspondence between theplacement position of each virtual object in the mixed reality scene anda physical position in the physical environment may allow the system todetect a distance between and/or positioning and/or orientation of themobile device (i.e., the user) relative to the virtual object(s) placedin the mixed reality scene including the physical environment. Thiscorrespondence between the placement position of each virtual object anda physical position in the physical environment may also allow thesystem to detect a distance between and/or relative positioning and/orrelative orientation of different virtual objects placed in the mixedreality scene including the physical environment.

In some implementations, this detection and/or tracking of the positionsof each of the virtual objects in the mixed reality scene of thephysical environment, and detection and/or tracking of the position ofthe mobile device/user, may be based on respective individualthree-dimensional coordinate positions of the virtual object(s) and themobile device/user. For example, each virtual object in the mixedreality scene of the physical environment may have an associatedthree-dimensional coordinate position, for example, an associated(x,y,z) coordinate position. The (x,y,z) coordinate position of eachvirtual object in the mixed reality scene may correspond to a physical,three-dimensional (x,y,z) coordinate position in the physicalenvironment.

Similarly, the mobile device/user may have an associatedthree-dimensional (x,y,z) coordinate position in the physicalenvironment. The respective three-dimensional (x,y,z) coordinatepositions of the virtual object(s) and of the mobile device/user may beintermittently updated, or substantially continuously updated, as themixed reality scene is updated to reflect movement of the mobiledevice/user, movement/animation of the virtual object(s), and the like.As the detected three-dimensional (x,y,z) coordinate position(s) of thevirtual object(s) and the detected three-dimensional (x,y,z) coordinateposition of the mobile device/user are updated, the respective detectedthree-dimensional (x,y,z) coordinate positions may be used to calculatedistances, and update calculated distances, between the mobiledevice/user and the virtual object(s) and/or between the virtualobjects. The system may combine distances calculated in this manner froma first tracking system and orientations calculated from a secondtracking system to generate a pose for each particular movement of themobile device, the user, and/or, the virtual object.

The determined movements (i.e., position changes) may be detected andused by the systems and techniques described herein to determine a 6-DoFpose that is filtered and smoothed to generate a camera feed of the userand any AR content associated with the user as the mobile device 102 ismoved and changes in position and orientation occur between the mobiledevice 102 and the face of the user operating the mobile device 102.

In the example of FIG. 1B, the user 104A has moved (or moved the mobiledevice 102) to a different angle than shown in FIG. 1A. Character 108 isshown in an updated position (i.e., 108A moved in the direction of arrow116), which corresponds to the user's movement (or mobile devicemovement). At a high level, the systems and techniques described hereinmay retrieve orientation information from an IMU associated with themobile device 102, determine mobile device 102 position relative to theface of the user 104/104A, smooth the determined mobile device 102position, and combine the smoothed position with the retrievedorientation to obtain updated poses (from FIG. 1A to FIG. 1B) toproperly display user 104 and character 108 according to the updatedposes.

FIG. 1C is an example AR/MR scene 100 shown in a physical environment118. The scene 100 of the physical environment 118 is illustrated in anenlarged state, separated from the mobile device 102, simply for ease ofdiscussion and illustration. The scene 100 may be displayed on mobiledevice 102. The scene 100 may represent a portion of the physicalenvironment 118 that is captured within a field of view of the imagingdevice of the mobile device 102. The user is shown at a position 120.

In the example of FIG. 1C, the user may have previously placed thevirtual object (e.g., character 108) in the scene 100. In the exampleshown in FIG. 1C, the character 108 is positioned on the shoulder of theuser, at a position 122. In general, the pose of the user 104/104A maycorrespond to a position 120 and orientation of an imaging device, or acamera of the mobile device 102, which may be held by the user in thisexample. The scene 100 (for example, corresponding to a camera view ofthe physical environment 118) may be captured by the imaging device ofthe mobile device 102. The scene 100 may be displayed on, for example, adisplay device of the mobile device 102 or other electronic device, forviewing by the user.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example pose tracking system 200, inaccordance with implementations described herein. The system 200 may beused to ascertain 3D position and 3D orientation (i.e., 6-DoF tracking)of an electronic device. As used herein, a pose may refer to a position,an orientation, or both. In addition, the system 200 may be used toperform face-anchored pose tracking (i.e., visual cues on the face) withrespect to an electronic device (e.g., mobile device 102). The posetracking system 200 may provide pose tracking for the mobile device 102with respect to users moving and operating device 102, for example,while accessing VR, AR, and/or MR content in world space.

As used herein, the term “world space” refers to a physical space that auser inhabits. The systems and techniques described herein may utilizeworld space to generate and track a correspondence between the physicalspace and a virtual space in which visual content (e.g., AR content, MRcontent, etc.) is modeled and displayed. In general, a world spacecoordinate system may be used to track the device being operated by theuser. An application may be executing on a mobile device to display userinterface content generated by a user interface system 206, for example.Such an application may display the user interface content together witha live camera feed (e.g., images) to enable the user to experience AR/MRcontent, for example.

The mobile device 102 is an example electronic device that can generatean augmented reality (or mixed reality) environment and provide poseface-anchored pose tracking. The mobile device may be used in worldspace by a user accessing content (e.g., virtual character 108) providedfrom a computing device 202 (e.g., server) over a network 204, forexample. Accessing content with the mobile device 102 may includegenerating, modifying, moving and/or selecting VR, AR, and/or MR contentfrom computing device 202, from a local memory on mobile device 102, orfrom another device (not shown) connected to or having access to network204.

As shown in FIG. 2, the mobile device 102 includes the user interfacesystem 206. The user interface system 206 includes at least an outputdevice 208 and an input device 210. The output device 208 may include,for example, a display for visual output, a speaker for audio output,and the like. The input device 210 may include, for example, a touchinput device that can receive tactile user inputs, a microphone that canreceive audible user inputs, and the like.

The mobile device 102 may also include any number of sensors and/ordevices. For example, the mobile device 102 includes a 3-DoF trackingsystem 212. The system 212 may include (or have access to), for example,light sensors, inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors 218, audiosensors 220, image sensors 222, relative position sensors 224, cameras226, distance/proximity sensors (not shown), positional sensors (notshown), and/or other sensors and/or different combination(s) of sensors.Some of the sensors included in the system 212 may provide forpositional detection and tracking of the mobile device 102. Some of thesensors of system 212 may provide for the capture of images of thephysical environment for display on a component of the user interfacesystem 206.

The IMU sensor 218 may function to detect, for the mobile device 102, a3D orientation in 3D space based on the measurements taken by the IMUsensor 218. The IMU sensor 218 may include one or more accelerometers,gyroscopes, magnetometers, and other such sensors. In general, the IMUsensor 218 may detect motion, movement, velocity, and/or acceleration ofthe mobile device 102, for example. In some implementations, a pose ofthe mobile device 102, for example, may be detected based on dataprovided by the IMU sensor 218. Based on the detected pose, the system200 may update content depicted in the screen of mobile device 102 toreflect a changed pose of the mobile device 102 as the device 102 ismoved, for example.

The image sensors 222 may detect changes in background data associatedwith a camera capture. The cameras 226 may include a rear-facing capturemode and a front-facing capture mode. The front-facing capture mode maycapture the user including any background scenery. The system 200 may beused to detect pose changes as the user moves with mobile device 102 andto properly depict augmented reality content in a location correspondingto the pose changes.

The mobile device 102 may also include a control system 228. The controlsystem 228 may include, for example, a power control device, audio andvideo control devices, an optical control device, and/or other suchdevices and/or different combination(s) of devices.

The mobile device 102 may also include a face tracking system 230.System 230 may include (or have access to) one or more face cuedetectors 232, smoothing algorithms 234, pose algorithms 236 includingbut not limited to face-anchored pose algorithm 237 and fallback posealgorithm 238, and/or neural networks 239. The face cue detectors 232may operate on or with one or more cameras 226 to determine a movementin the position of particular facial features. For example, the face cuedetector 232 (in the face tracking system 230) may detect or obtain aninitial three-dimensional (3D) position of mobile device 102 in relationto facial features (e.g., image features) captured by the one or morecameras 226. For example, one or more cameras 226 may function withsystem 230 to retrieve particular positions of mobile device 102 withrespect to the facial features captured by cameras 226. Any number ofneural networks 239, smoothing algorithms 234, pose algorithms 236, andcaptured images may be used to determine such a position of device 102.In addition, the 3-DoF tracking system 212 may access an onboard IMUsensor 218 (i.e., an IMU) to detect or obtain an initial orientationassociated with the mobile device 102.

In some implementations, the face cue detector 232 may indicate to thesystem 200 which face to focus upon when determining 6-DoF poses fromthe images in the camera feed, as described in further detail in FIGS.4A-4C.

If system 200 (e.g., mobile device 102) detects movement of the device102, the system 200 may determine or obtain, from the 3-DoF trackingsystem 212, an updated orientation associated with the detected movementof the mobile device. In addition, and responsive to the same detectedmovement of the mobile device 102, the system 200 may generate andprovide a query to the face tracking system 230. The query maycorrespond to at least a portion of the image features (e.g., facialfeatures) to determine a change of position of such features. The querymay include the determined updated orientation (from the IMU sensor 218on 3-DoF tracking system 212) as well as the initial 3D position of themobile device 102. The initial 3D position of the mobile device 102 maybe sent in the query to function as an indicator that the device isstatic in movement, and this, the system 200 can use the face trackingsystem 230 to assess a transition that represents a position change ofthe face (e.g., facial features) relative to the mobile device 102.

In response to the query, the system 200 may receive a number ofposition changes for a portion of the image features in relation to theinitial 3D position of the mobile device 102. The position changes mayrepresent position changes of the mobile device 102 relative to theanchored face in world space. The face may be anchored based on thequery the initial position of the mobile device.

Upon receiving the position changes, the system 200 may performsmoothing using one or more smoothing algorithms 234, as described indetail below, to generate, for a sampled number of the plurality ofposition changes, an updated 3D position for the mobile device 102. Theupdated 3D positions and the updated orientation may be used by system200 to generate a 6-DoF pose for the moved mobile device 102 withrespect to the portion of image features/facial features. The generated6-DoF posed can be used by system 200 to provide, for display on themobile device 102, a camera feed depicting movement of the portion ofimage features based on the movement of the mobile device 102. Inaddition, the algorithms described herein can provide placement ofvirtual objects associated with the user in the camera feed according tothe 6-DoF pose each time the electronic device is moved.

The smoothing algorithms 234 may perform filtering, frame sampling, andother signal smoothing operations to reduce jitter in moving usersand/or to predict positions of the mobile device 102 with respect to auser that is moving. In an example implementation, a position smoothingalgorithm 234 may include calculating a smoothed position by assigning aposition_smooth variable to represent a smoothed position viewed in thecamera feed of the front facing camera of mobile device 102, as the userwalks/moves with the camera capturing the face of the user. Aposition_best variable may be used to represent a position returned froma full 6-DoF position and orientation (i.e., pose) received from theface tracking system 230. However, if the 6-DoF element provided by facetracking system 230 is unavailable at a rate that provides smoothdisplay of user movement and AR/MR content tracking with respect tomoving user, the position_best may not be available or fully accurateeach time it is queried from system 230. Thus, the smoothing algorithm234 may update the position_smooth variable by performing a periodicsampling in three dimensions of data (e.g., x, y, z) for a number ofimage frames (e.g., two to five image frames, three to six image frames,four to eight image frames, and the like). The number of image framesmay represent the position of a portion of image features/facialfeatures relative to the position of the mobile device 102. In someimplementations, the periodic sampling is performed using a thresholdframe speed to reduce jitter in the movement of a portion of the imagefeatures/facial features depicted in the camera feed of camera 226, forexample. An example frame speed may be a maximum frame speed for thecalculations to ensure that a large position jump is not experienced inthe user movements depicted within the camera feed.

To perform the period sampling and determine the position_smoothvariables, the system 200 may use the following three equations:

position_smooth_x=position_smooth_x+min{(position_best_x−position_smooth_x)*0.2,max_x_speed}  (1)

position_smooth_y=position_smooth_y+min{(position_best_y−position_smooth_y)*0.2,max_y_speed}  (2)

position_smooth_z=position_smooth _z+min{(position_best_z−position_smooth_z)*0.2,max_z_speed}  (3)

where 0.2 indicates that the next position_best will be available fiveframes later and between two position_bests, the equations above smoothwith five steps. In addition, the variable max_*_speed is applied as themaximum frame speed in order to avoid large position jumps for the userviewing the camera feed of the output content from the smoothingalgorithm 234.

The neural networks 239 may include detectors that operate on images tocompute, for example, face locations to model predicted locations of theface as the face moves in world space. Such networks 239 may be used toanchor particular 3D AR/MR content with respect to a moving usercaptured in a camera feed, for example. In some implementations, theneural networks 239 are not used by system 200. For example, system 200may function to predict and place the 3D AR/MR content with respect tothe moving user and with 6-DoF precision using a portion of system 230to determine and smooth positions of facial features and using the 3-DoFtracking system 212.

The user interface system 206, and/or the 3-DoF tracking system 212, theface tracking system 230, and/or the control system 228 may includemore, or fewer, devices, depending on a particular implementation, andeach system 212, 228, and 230 may have a different physical arrangementthan shown in FIG. 2. The mobile device 102 may also include one or moreprocessors (e.g., CPU/GPU 240 in communication with the user interfacesystem 206, the tracking systems 212 and 230, control system 228, memory242, cameras 226, and a communication module 244. The communicationmodule 244 may provide for communication between the mobile device 102and other external devices. Processors 240 are configured to executeinstructions (e.g., computer programs) in order to carry out specifictasks. In some implementations, at least one of the processors 240executes instructions to identify a relative pose between the mobiledevice 102 and the face of a user accessing the mobile device 102 basedon data determined from both the face tracking system 230 and the 3-DoFtracking system 212. Memory 242 may be utilized throughoutcommunications and interactions amongst the elements in system 200.

In addition, mobile device 102 may use or have access to one or moreVR/AR/MR peripherals 246. Example peripherals 246 may include any numberof controllers, computing devices, head-mounted display devices,cameras, speakers, tracking systems, and/or other device incommunication with mobile device 102.

In operation, a movement and/or pose change of the mobile device 102 canbe detected by system 200 (or by mobile device 102 alone). The system200 (or mobile device 102) can perform a number of calculations,determinations, and/or processes to determine and/or generate the poseand any change in pose as the mobile device 102 moves through 3D worldspace. The pose may be determined and/or generated using any number ofalgorithms described herein to track the mobile device 102 to properlymove and render the content (camera image feed and AR/MR content) fordisplay on mobile device 102 and/or on computing device 202 over network204, for example. In some implementations, the pose and other contentmay be used and/or transmitted directly from the mobile device 102without the use of the network 204. Similarly, portions of the pose(e.g., orientation or position) or other data may be transmitted from anexternal device to mobile device 102 without the use of network 204. Insome implementations, the devices of system 200 may communicate usingpoint-to-point communication mechanisms (e.g., BLE, USB, etc.).

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example algorithm for performingface-anchored tracking, in accordance with implementations describedherein. The face-anchored tracking may invoke one or more posealgorithms 236 such as face-anchored pose algorithm 237 to generate apose 302 for a particular electronic device (e.g., mobile device 102).The algorithm 237 may combine portions retrieved from the face trackingsystem 230 with portions retrieved from a 3-DoF tracking system 212.

For example, system 200 may obtain a position 304 from system 230 andmay use one or more smoothing algorithms 234 to produce a smoothedpositional output corresponding to detected user movements. In addition,the face-anchored pose algorithm 237 may use orientations 306 of themobile device 102 obtained from 3-DoF tracking system 212. The posealgorithm 237 may execute as the mobile device 102 is moved in worldspace by the user operating a front-face camera, such as camera 226. Thepose 302 may be provided as output from algorithm 237 to be used toportray camera feed in real time and with smoothened output. Forexample, the position 304 may be smoothed by smoothing algorithms 234 topredict a net position for the device 102 (and/or user of the device)and to handle jitter and/or lag in updating video and/or image feed thatmay be caused by a traditional positional tracking system.

In some implementations, the predictions of positions of the device 102and/or positions of the user operating the device 102 can be generatedusing the smoothing algorithms 234 to ensure that AR/MR content can beplaced and moved with the user and can be depicted as such in an imagefeed provided to the user, as the user moves the device 102 in worldspace. To ensure proper placement of such content, the pose algorithm237 can be used to track the AR/MR content (e.g., a virtual object)based on tracking of the facial features/image features associated withthe user. Face-anchored pose algorithm 237 can perform such trackingwithout having to algorithmically assign a particular virtual object tofollow the user.

FIG. 4A is a block diagram depicting an example of selecting an objectof focus for performing pose tracking, in accordance withimplementations described herein. A camera feed 402 (e.g., video feed,image feed, and/or virtual content within the feed, etc.) is showndepicting a first face 404 and a second face object 406. In thisexample, the face cue detector 232 may function with the pose algorithms236 to indicate to the system 200 which face (i.e., face 404 or face406) to focus upon when determining 6-DoF poses from the images in thecamera feed. In some implementations, the pose algorithms 236 mayreceive face cues and/or or image features from another system otherthan face cue detector 232.

The first face 404 is shown with a plurality of image features (e.g.,facial features (a)-(k)) in the image/camera feed 402. In addition, thesecond face 406 is depicted with image features (e.g., facial features(l)-(n)). Facial features (a)-(n) are merely examples of image featuresdetectable by the system 200 and other image features/facial featuresmay include other sizes and shapes and content that are not depictedhere.

In this example, the pose algorithms 236 may be configured to select alargest face in the frame (of the image feed) to anchor upon fordetermining positions of the mobile device 102 with respect to anynumber of image features in the feed. As such, the algorithms 236 usethe face 404 (and any selectable image features (a)-(k) associated withface 404) to anchor upon when determining changing positions of themobile device 102. Anchoring on face 404 functions to select the worldspace as changing around face 404 (or a feature within face 404) whileface 404 is represented as static (e.g., unmoving) in positioncalculations performed by system 200 and pose algorithms 236. In someimplementations, the algorithms 236 may instead focus upon a smallestface, a nearest face, an upper, lower, or centered face. In the eventthat there are no faces detectable within the image feed, the posealgorithms 236 may be configured to continue to use a last knownposition of the mobile device 102 when determining which output todisplay in the display screen of the mobile device 102.

FIG. 4B is a block diagram depicting an example of selecting an objectof focus for performing pose tracking, in accordance withimplementations described herein. An image/camera feed 410 (e.g., videofeed, image feed, and/or virtual content within the feed, etc.) is showndepicting a first face object 412 and a second face object 414. In thisexample, the face cue detector 232 may function with the pose algorithm236 to indicate to the system 200 which face (i.e., face 412 or face414) to focus upon when determining 6-DoF poses from the images in thecamera feed. In some implementations, the pose algorithms 236 mayreceive face cues and/or or image features from another system otherthan face cue detector 232.

Although particular image features within feed 410 are not shown forsimplification purposes, any number of image features may be representedand selectable by the system 200 as features in which to basecalculations of position.

In this example, the face-anchored pose algorithm 236 may be configuredto select one face of any number of faces to anchor upon whendetermining positions of the mobile device 102 with respect to anynumber of image features in the feed. In operation, the algorithms 236selected virtual face object 414 to anchor (418) upon when determiningchanging positions of the mobile device 102. Anchoring on face 414functions to select the world space as changing around face 414 (or afeature within face 414) while face 414 is represented as static (e.g.,unmoving) in position calculations performed by system 200 and posealgorithms 236. In some implementations, the pose algorithms 236 mayinstead focus upon a smallest face, a nearest face, an upper, lower, orcentered face based on any user or system setting for focusing on facialcues and/or image features.

FIG. 4C is a block diagram depicting an example of selecting an objectof focus for performing pose tracking, in accordance withimplementations described herein. A camera feed 420 (e.g., video feed,image feed, and/or virtual content within the feed, etc.) is showndepicting a first face object 422 and a second face object 424. In thisexample, the face cue detector 232 may function with the pose algorithms236 to indicate to the system 200 which face (i.e., face 422 or face424) to focus upon when determining 6-DoF poses from the images in thecamera feed. In some implementations, the pose algorithms 236 mayreceive face cues and/or or image features from another system otherthan face cue detector 232.

Although particular image features within feed 420 are not shown forsimplification purposes, any number of image features may be representedand selectable by the system 200 as features in which to basecalculations of position.

In this example, the pose algorithms 236 may be configured to select toanchor on a centroid 426 of the faces. The centroid 426 between face 422and face 424 is then used by system 200 as an anchor for determiningpositions of the mobile device 102 with respect to any number of imagefeatures (and faces) in the feed. In operation, the pose algorithms 236selected the centroid 426 as the anchor for determining changingpositions of the mobile device 102. Anchoring on centroid 426 functionsto select the world space as changing around centroid 426 while thecentroid 426 is represented as static (e.g., unmoving) in positioncalculations performed by system 200 and pose algorithms 236. In someimplementations, the pose algorithms 236 may instead focus upon acentroid of a portion of the feed or other selectable area within thefeed 420.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram depicting an example of selecting a pose foran electronic device, in accordance with implementations describedherein. The system 500 may be used as a fallback 6-DoF pose retrievalsystem if, for example, a 6-DoF pose tracking system fails or slows inperformance (e.g., failures with face tracking system 230). For example,the system 500 may be used to select such a pose based on any or all ofdetermined or detected system performance, network performance, and/orhardware performance. To determine whether or not to utilize thefallback 6-DoF pose from system 500, any number of confidence thresholdlevels may be set for the tracking systems that generate and/or select apose for the electronic devices described herein (e.g., the mobiledevice 102) to ensure a particular system, network, or hardware deviceassociated with the tracking may be assessed for a level of confidenceassociated with received data from or over the system, network, orhardware device.

As shown in FIG. 5, the face tracking system 230 may provide a 6-DoFpose 502 for the mobile device 102, but may fail, slow, or becomeotherwise unreliable at some point. A confidence threshold level may bepredefined such that if the operation of system 230 becomes unreliable(e.g., falls below the predefined confidence threshold level), thesystem 200 (or 500) may select a different algorithm to provide theoutputted pose 504. For example, the system 200 (or 500) may determinethat the confidence threshold level is not met by system 230 and caninstead obtain and/or determine a pose 506 from the face-anchored posealgorithm 237. Alternatively, the system 200 may request (e.g., query)both system 230 for the 6-DoF pose 502 and algorithm 237 for retrievinga position only (e.g., position 508) from system 230 and an orientationfrom algorithm 237 to obtain pose 506. The system 200 may then determinethat the confidence threshold of the retrieved 6-DoF pose is not met bysystem 230 and may use a pose selector 510 to instead select pose 506 asoutput pose 504.

An example predefined confidence threshold (level) may represent atracking metric indicating how confident particular image features arebeing tracked by the system 200, for example. In some implementations,the predefined confidence threshold is defined with a low, medium, orhigh status based on a percentage of image features being trackedcorrectly. For example, a low status for a confidence threshold may beless than 40 percent of the features are being tracked correctly. Amedium status for a confidence threshold may be between 41 percent and80 percent of the features are being tracked correctly. A high statusfor a confidence threshold may be between 81 percent and 100 percent ofthe features are being tracked correctly. Other scales may be usedincluding weighting, averaging, and/or algorithmic determination oftracking confidence.

Similar to FIG. 3, the face-anchored pose algorithm 237 may also performsmoothing using one or more smoothing algorithms 234 (not shown here) onany retrieved position from system 230 to produce a smoothed positionaloutput corresponding to detected user movements and/or mobile device 102movements. As described above in FIG. 3, the face-anchored posealgorithm 237 may use orientations 306 of the mobile device 102 obtainedfrom 3-DoF tracking system 212. The pose algorithm 237 may execute asthe mobile device 102 is moved in world space by the user operating afront-face camera, such as camera 226. In response, the pose 506 may beprovided as output pose 504 to be used to portray camera feed in realtime and with smoothened output.

In some implementations, predictions of positions of the device 102and/or positions of the user (or user features) associated withoperating the device 102 can be performed by the smoothing algorithms234 to ensure that AR/MR content can be placed and moved with the userand can be depicted as such in an image feed provided to the user, asthe user moves the device 102 in world space. To ensure proper placementof such content, the pose algorithm 237 can be used to track the AR/MRcontent (e.g., a virtual object) based on tracking of the facialfeatures/image features associated with the user. Face-anchored posealgorithm 237 can perform such tracking without having toalgorithmically assign a particular virtual object to follow the user.

In general, the face tracking system 230 may represent a first trackingsystem configured to generate a 6-DoF pose for the mobile device 102corresponding to image features depicted in a camera feed displayed bythe mobile device 102. For example, tracking system 230 may determineand use both a position and an orientation associated with imagefeatures (e.g., facial feature (a) in FIG. 4A) when device 102 is movedin world space. In particular, the 6-DoF pose may be generated by system230 by determining an orientation for the mobile device 102 relative tofacial feature (a) depicted in a video feed associated with device 102[and relative to detected movements of facial feature (a)], for example.In addition, the system 230 may determine a position for the mobiledevice 102 relative to the facial feature (a) depicted in the video feedassociated with device 102 [and relative to detected movements of facialfeature (a)]. In some implementations, the such a position is calculatedusing the facial feature tracking algorithm (e.g., face-anchored posealgorithm 237) configured to detect three-dimensional location changesfor at least one selected facial feature (e.g., facial feature (a))amongst any number of the image features in the camera feed displayed bythe mobile device 102. In general, the facial feature tracking algorithmmay include the face-anchored pose algorithm, which may be configured toperform, upon detecting movement of the mobile device, a determinationof an updated position of the mobile device relative to the at least onefacial feature. The determination of the updated position of the mobiledevice may include performing periodic sampling of three dimensions ofdata of a plurality of images of the at least one facial feature toreduce jitter in the movement of the at least one facial feature upontriggering the updated camera feed for display on the mobile device 102,for example.

The mobile device 102 may also include a second tracking systemincluding at least one inertial measurement unit (IMU) (e.g., IMU sensor218 on 3-DoF tracking system 212). The IMU sensor 218 may detect and/ordetermine an orientation of the mobile device 102 in three-dimensionalspace. The system 500 may also utilize or include at least one processorcoupled to memory and be configured to select either pose 506 or pose502 as an output pose 504 for display in the camera feed of mobiledevice 102, as the device 102 (or the user operating device 102) movesin world space.

For example, the system 500 may trigger the first tracking system (e.g.,system 230) to generate the 6-DoF pose for the electronic device if itis determined that the first tracking system operates within apredefined confidence threshold, as described above. In someimplementations, determination of whether the first tracking systemoperates within the predefined confidence threshold may be triggeredeach time (or upon) detecting movement of the mobile device 102.

In some implementations, the system 500 may instead trigger the secondtracking system (e.g., face anchored pose algorithm and 3-DoF trackingsystem 212) to generate an alternate 6-DoF pose 506 if the firsttracking system (e.g., system 230) failed to operate within thepredefined confidence threshold. The alternate 6-DoF pose 506 may begenerated by combining the determined position 508 from the firsttracking system (e.g., system 530) and the orientation of the secondtracking system (e.g., using the IMU sensor 218 on 3-DoF tracking system212).

The system 500 may trigger, for display on the mobile device 102, anupdated camera feed depicting movement of the image features (e.g., theat least one facial feature) based on the 6-DoF pose 502 or thealternate 6-DoF pose 506 according to the determined operation of thefirst tracking system (e.g., face tracking system 230) with respect tothe predefined confidence threshold level.

In some implementations, the system 500 may utilize and/or include atleast one communication module 244 to trigger transmission of the 6-DoFpose 502 or the alternate 6-DoF pose 506 to display the image featureson the mobile device based on a plurality of detected movements of theelectronic device. In general, the 6-DoF pose 502 and the alternate6-DoF pose 506 indicate a position of the mobile device 102 relative tothe at least one selected facial feature.

FIG. 6 is a graph depicting an example operation of the system of FIG.5. Example signals are shown indicating provision of a 6-DoF pose atparticular times. For example, a 6-DoF pose signal 602 is shown inportions 602A, (missing 602B), and 602C. Similarly, a face-anchoredalgorithm-based pose signal 604 is shown in portions 604A, 604B, and604C. An output pose signal 606 is shown including portions of signal602 and 604 selected by system 500.

In operation of FIG. 5 (using system 500 and/or system 200), a 6-DoFpose signal 602 may retrieved as mobile device 102 is moved in worldspace. Here, the signal 602A is shown to be strong and operating above apredefined threshold confidence level 608. At some point in time 610,the system 500 (and/or system 200) determine that the signal 602A fallsbelow the threshold confidence level 608. In response, the system 500can retrieve fallback 6-DoF pose data using the face-anchored trackingalgorithm 237 and fallback pose algorithm 238, as described in detailabove. The face anchored signal 604 illustrates the 6-DoF pose data fromthe face-anchored tracking algorithm 237 at time 610 and can select thesignal 604B to be substituted into output pose signal 606, as shown atcorresponding time 612. The signal 604B may be used to provide poseinformation to system 500 until the face anchored signal 604 is detectedto be above the predefined threshold confidence level 608, as indicatedat time 614, corresponding to time 616. The signal 602C can again beselected to provide the output pose signal 606, as shown bycorresponding time 618. This fallback pose algorithm 238 can be used ina fallback and recover pattern while the user is operating and/or movingthe mobile device 102. Each time a fallback and recover pattern occurs,the system 500 (and/or system 200) resets the world alignment withrespect to particular image features and/or the mobile device 102.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart diagramming an implementation of a process 700 todetermine a pose for an electronic device, in accordance withimplementations described herein. The process 700 is described withrespect to an example implementation of the tracking system 200 of FIG.2 and/or system 500 and may also describe details of FIGS. 1A-1B, but itwill be appreciated that the method can be implemented by trackingsystems having other configurations. In general, one or more processorsand memory on the mobile device 102 may be used to carry out process700.

At a high level, process 700 determines a rotation (e.g., position) andtranslation (e.g., orientation) of motion for a mobile device using twodifferent tracking systems. The output of both systems is fused togetherto generate a pose for the mobile device with respect to one or moreimage features being captured by a camera associated with the device.The first tracking system may include a 3-DoF tracking system that isbased on IMU measurements. The second tracking system may include a facetracking system that may determine relative position between face cues(e.g., facial features) and the camera. The system may provide theadvantage of being a pose provider in a feature-less environment (i.e.,blank or uniform background). In general, feature image points usingimage processing techniques is not used because the output of bothtracking systems can provide pose generation and tracking without thefeature image points.

At block 702, the process 700 may include obtaining, from a firsttracking system, an initial three-dimensional (3D) position of anelectronic device in relation to image features captured by a camera ofthe electronic device. The first tracking system may include the facetracking system 230. For example, a user may be operating the mobiledevice 102 and using the camera (e.g., a front facing camera) of thedevice 102. The mobile device may display an image feed (e.g., videofeed) of the user. In some implementations, the first tracking system(e.g., face tracking system 230) executes a facial feature trackingalgorithm (e.g., the face-anchored pose algorithm 237). In general, theface-anchored pose algorithm 237 is configured to determine 3D locationchanges for the image features associated with at least one selectedfacial feature in the image features. For example, the algorithm 237 maybe configured to select a particular facial feature in which to anchorposition tracking upon. Each new position may be based on the previouslyselected facial feature.

At some point, the user may move the mobile device 102, for example,while walking and capturing an image of the user. The device 102 canrequest and/or otherwise obtain a position for the mobile device 102.The position may be in relation to image features captured by the camera226, for example. Such image features may include portions of a face ofa user being captured by the camera 226 of the mobile device, 102, forexample. In some implementations, the image features may also or insteadinclude augmented reality content (e.g., virtual character 108)associated with the user being captured by the front facing camera(e.g., camera 226). In some implementations, the image features may alsoor instead include one or more facial features, background features,and/or virtual objects, and the like.

At block 704, the device 102 may request and/or otherwise obtain from asecond tracking system, an orientation associated with the mobile device102. The second tracking system may include the 3-DoF tracking system212. In some implementations, the IMU sensor 218 may provide theorientation associated with the mobile device 102.

At block 706, the system 200 may detect whether or not the mobile device102 has been moved. If the mobile device 102 has not been moved, thesystem 200 may continue tracking movement and providing pose informationby retaining and using the last position known for mobile device 102, asshown at block 708.

If instead, the system 200 detects movement of the mobile device 102,the system 200 at block 710 may obtain or otherwise retrieve from the3-DoF track in system 212, an updated orientation associated with thedetected movement of the mobile device 102. The updated orientation maycorrespond to the change in movement of the mobile device 102. In someimplementations, obtaining the updated orientation associated with thedetected movement of the mobile device 102 from system 212 is performedin response to determining that the tracking system 230 is unable toprovide both the position and orientation with 6-DoF. For example, ifthe system 200 determines that 6-DoF tracking on system 230 either failsor if circumstances of the image capture are suited to using portions ofsystem 230 and system 212 to determine the poses for the mobile device102. For example, the system 200 may determine that a background in theimage capture occurring with camera 226 is feature-less (e.g., blankwhite, solid color, etc.). Such a background may make 6-DoF trackingwith system 230 difficult because there are not background features inwhich to focus upon when determining position changes with respect toimage features/facial features captured by the camera 226. The system200 may also determine that a face (of the user using mobile device 102and camera 226) is occupying a large percentage of the image feed. Insuch a case, tracking and displaying proper positioning of the movementsof the face and any VR/AR/MR content may be difficult.

At block 712, the system 200 may then generate and provide a query tothe tracking system 230 using communication module 244, for example. Thequery may correspond to at least a portion of the image features (e.g.,facial features, virtual objects, etc.) and may include the updatedorientation and the initial 3D position of the mobile device obtained atblocks 702 and 710, respectively.

At block 714, the system 200 may receive, responsive to the query, aplurality of position changes for the portion of the image features inrelation to the initial 3D position of the mobile device 102. Forexample, system 230 may use face cue detector 232 and/or neural networks239 to determine and/or predict movements for any number of moved imagefeatures in relation to the initial 3D position of the mobile device102. In particular, the face tracking system 230 can use face cues(e.g., the image/facial) features to determine one or more relative(e.g., updated positions) between the face associated with the face cuesand the camera 226.

At block 716, the system 200 may generate, for a sampled number of theplurality of position changes, an updated 3D position for the mobiledevice 102. For example, the system 200 may use face-anchored posealgorithm 237 and smoothing algorithms 234, as described in detail inthe description of FIGS. 1-2 above. In some implementations, the updated3D positions are generated using a periodic sampling of three dimensionsof data for a plurality of image frames representing the position of theportion of the image features relative to the position of the mobiledevice 102. The periodic sampling may be performed using a thresholdframe rate configured to reduce jitter in the movement of the portion ofthe image features depicted in the camera feed provided based on thegenerated 6-DoF pose.

For example, the smoothing algorithms 234 and/or pose algorithms 236 mayperform filtering, frame sampling, and other signal smoothing operationsto reduce jitter in moving users and/or to predict positions of themobile device 102 with respect to a user that is moving.

At block 718, the system 200 may generate a 6-DoF pose using the updated3D positions and the updated orientation for the mobile device. Forexample, the system 200 may combine an output from the face trackingsystem 230 and an output from the 3-DoF tracking system to enabletracking and placement of image content and AR content based on thegenerated 6-DoF pose, and responsive to the detected movement of themobile device 102.

For example, the user 104A depicted in FIG. 2B may have moved (or movedthe mobile device 102) to a different angle than shown in FIG. 1A.Character 108 is shown in an updated position (i.e., 108A moved in thedirection of arrow 116), which corresponds to the user's movement (ormobile device movement). The system 200 may retrieve orientationinformation from the IMU sensor 218 associated with the mobile device102, determine mobile device 102 position relative to the face of theuser 104/104A using pose algorithms 236, smooth the determined mobiledevice 102 position using smoothing algorithms 234, and combine thesmoothed position with the retrieved orientation to obtain updated poses(from FIG. 1A to FIG. 1B) to properly display user 104 and character 108according to the updated poses.

At block 720, the system 200 may provide, for display on the mobiledevice 102, a camera feed depicting movement of the image features basedon the movement of the electronic device, according to the generated6-DoF pose from the combined outputs, for example. For example,movements that cause changes in position and orientation of the mobiledevice 102 (and/or a captured user and/or AR content) may be detectedand used by the system 200 use the determined 6-DoF pose that isfiltered and smoothed to generate a camera feed of the user and any ARcontent associated with the user as the mobile device 102 is moved andchanges in position and orientation occur between the mobile device 102and the face of the user operating the mobile device 102.

In some implementations, providing the camera feed depicting movement ofthe image features based on the movement of the mobile device 102according to the 6-DoF pose includes providing placement of virtualobjects associated with the user in the camera feed according to the6-DoF pose each time the device 102 is moved.

The process 700 may also repeat certain steps in response to detectingadditional movements associated with the mobile device. For example, atarrow 722, the system 200 may await additional movements of mobiledevice 102, at block 706. In response to detecting additional mobiledevice movements, the process 700 may repeat blocks 710-720 to obtainand display updated camera feed content based on an updated 6-DoF posegenerated response to a newly detected movement.

FIG. 8 shows an example computer device 800 and an example mobilecomputer device 850, which may be used with the techniques describedhere. In general, the devices described herein can generate and/orprovide any or all aspects of a virtual reality, an augmented reality,or a mixed reality environment. Features described with respect to thecomputer device 800 and/or mobile computer device 850 may be included inthe portable computing device 100 described above. Computing device 800is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such aslaptops, desktops, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers,blade servers, mainframes, and other appropriate computers. Computingdevice 850 is intended to represent various forms of mobile devices,such as personal digital assistants, cellular telephones, smart phones,and other similar computing devices. The components shown here, theirconnections and relationships, and their functions, are meant to beexemplary only, and are not meant to limit implementations of theinventions described and/or claimed in this document.

Computing device 800 includes a processor 802, memory 804, a storagedevice 806, a high-speed interface 808 connecting to memory 804 andhigh-speed expansion ports 810, and a low speed interface 812 connectingto low speed bus 814 and storage device 806. Each of the components 802,804, 806, 808, 810, and 812, are interconnected using various busses,and may be mounted on a common motherboard or in other manners asappropriate. The processor 802 can process instructions for executionwithin the computing device 800, including instructions stored in thememory 804 or on the storage device 806 to display graphical informationfor a GUI on an external input/output device, such as display 816coupled to high speed interface 808. In other implementations, multipleprocessors and/or multiple buses may be used, as appropriate, along withmultiple memories and types of memory. Also, multiple computing devices800 may be connected, with each device providing portions of thenecessary operations (e.g., as a server bank, a group of blade servers,or a multi-processor system).

The memory 804 stores information within the computing device 800. Inone implementation, the memory 804 is a volatile memory unit or units.In another implementation, the memory 804 is a non-volatile memory unitor units. The memory 804 may also be another form of computer-readablemedium, such as a magnetic or optical disk.

The storage device 806 is capable of providing mass storage for thecomputing device 800. In one implementation, the storage device 806 maybe or contain a computer-readable medium, such as a floppy disk device,a hard disk device, an optical disk device, or a tape device, a flashmemory or other similar solid state memory device, or an array ofdevices, including devices in a storage area network or otherconfigurations. A computer program product can be tangibly embodied inan information carrier. The computer program product may also containinstructions that, when executed, perform one or more methods, such asthose described above. The information carrier is a computer- ormachine-readable medium, such as the memory 804, the storage device 806,or memory on processor 802.

The high speed controller 808 manages bandwidth-intensive operations forthe computing device 800, while the low speed controller 812 manageslower bandwidth-intensive operations. Such allocation of functions isexemplary only. In one implementation, the high-speed controller 808 iscoupled to memory 804, display 816 (e.g., through a graphics processoror accelerator), and to high-speed expansion ports 810, which may acceptvarious expansion cards (not shown). In the implementation, low-speedcontroller 812 is coupled to storage device 806 and low-speed expansionport 814. The low-speed expansion port, which may include variouscommunication ports (e.g., USB, Bluetooth, Ethernet, wireless Ethernet)may be coupled to one or more input/output devices, such as a keyboard,a pointing device, a scanner, or a networking device such as a switch orrouter, e.g., through a network adapter.

The computing device 800 may be implemented in a number of differentforms, as shown in the figure. For example, it may be implemented as astandard server 820, or multiple times in a group of such servers. Itmay also be implemented as part of a rack server system 824. Inaddition, it may be implemented in a personal computer such as a laptopcomputer 822. Alternatively, components from computing device 800 may becombined with other components in a mobile device (not shown), such asdevice 850. Each of such devices may contain one or more of computingdevice 800, 850, and an entire system may be made up of multiplecomputing devices 800, 850 communicating with each other.

Computing device 850 includes a processor 852, memory 864, aninput/output device such as a display 854, a communication interface866, and a transceiver 868, among other components. The device 850 mayalso be provided with a storage device, such as a microdrive or otherdevice, to provide additional storage. Each of the components 850, 852,864, 854, 866, and 868, are interconnected using various buses, andseveral of the components may be mounted on a common motherboard or inother manners as appropriate.

The processor 852 can execute instructions within the computing device850, including instructions stored in the memory 864. The processor maybe implemented as a chipset of chips that include separate and multipleanalog and digital processors. The processor may provide, for example,for coordination of the other components of the device 850, such ascontrol of user interfaces, applications run by device 850, and wirelesscommunication by device 850.

Processor 852 may communicate with a user through control interface 858and display interface 856 coupled to a display 854. The display 854 maybe, for example, a TFT LCD (Thin-Film-Transistor Liquid Crystal Display)or an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) display, or other appropriatedisplay technology. The display interface 856 may comprise appropriatecircuitry for driving the display 854 to present graphical and otherinformation to a user. The control interface 858 may receive commandsfrom a user and convert them for submission to the processor 852. Inaddition, an external interface 862 may be provide in communication withprocessor 852, so as to enable near area communication of device 850with other devices. External interface 862 may provide, for example, forwired communication in some implementations, or for wirelesscommunication in other implementations, and multiple interfaces may alsobe used.

The memory 864 stores information within the computing device 850. Thememory 864 can be implemented as one or more of a computer-readablemedium or media, a volatile memory unit or units, or a non-volatilememory unit or units. Expansion memory 874 may also be provided andconnected to device 850 through expansion interface 872, which mayinclude, for example, a SIMM (Single In Line Memory Module) cardinterface. Such expansion memory 874 may provide extra storage space fordevice 850, or may also store applications or other information fordevice 850. Specifically, expansion memory 874 may include instructionsto carry out or supplement the processes described above, and mayinclude secure information also. Thus, for example, expansion memory 874may be provide as a security module for device 850, and may beprogrammed with instructions that permit secure use of device 850. Inaddition, secure applications may be provided via the SIMM cards, alongwith additional information, such as placing identifying information onthe SIMM card in a non-hackable manner.

The memory may include, for example, flash memory and/or NVRAM memory,as discussed below. In one implementation, a computer program product istangibly embodied in an information carrier. The computer programproduct contains instructions that, when executed, perform one or moremethods, such as those described above. The information carrier is acomputer- or machine-readable medium, such as the memory 864, expansionmemory 874, or memory on processor 852, that may be received, forexample, over transceiver 868 or external interface 862.

Device 850 may communicate wirelessly through communication interface866, which may include digital signal processing circuitry wherenecessary. Communication interface 866 may provide for communicationsunder various modes or protocols, such as GSM voice calls, SMS, EMS, orMMS messaging, CDMA, TDMA, PDC, WCDMA, CDMA2000, or GPRS, among others.Such communication may occur, for example, through radio-frequencytransceiver 868. In addition, short-range communication may occur, suchas using a Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or other such transceiver (not shown). Inaddition, GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver module 870 mayprovide additional navigation- and location-related wireless data todevice 850, which may be used as appropriate by applications running ondevice 850.

Device 850 may also communicate audibly using audio codec 860, which mayreceive spoken information from a user and convert it to usable digitalinformation. Audio codec 860 may likewise generate audible sound for auser, such as through a speaker, e.g., in a handset of device 850. Suchsound may include sound from voice telephone calls, may include recordedsound (e.g., voice messages, music files, etc.) and may also includesound generated by applications operating on device 850.

The computing device 850 may be implemented in a number of differentforms, as shown in the figure. For example, it may be implemented as acellular telephone 880. It may also be implemented as part of a smartphone 882, personal digital assistant, or other similar mobile device.

Implementations of the various techniques described herein may beimplemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer hardware,firmware, software, or in combinations of them. Implementations mayimplemented as a computer program product, i.e., a computer programtangibly embodied in an information carrier, e.g., in a machine-readablestorage device or in a propagated signal, for execution by, or tocontrol the operation of, data processing apparatus, e.g., aprogrammable processor, a computer, or multiple computers. A computerprogram, such as the computer program(s) described above, can be writtenin any form of programming language, including compiled or interpretedlanguages, and can be deployed in any form, including as a standaloneprogram or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitablefor use in a computing environment. A computer program can be deployedto be executed on one computer or on multiple computers at one site ordistributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communicationnetwork.

Method steps may be performed by one or more programmable processorsexecuting a computer program to perform functions by operating on inputdata and generating output. Method steps also may be performed by, andan apparatus may be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry,e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC(application-specific integrated circuit).

Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, byway of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, andany one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, aprocessor will receive instructions and data from a read only memory ora random access memory or both. Elements of a computer may include atleast one processor for executing instructions and one or more memorydevices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer alsomay include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transferdata to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data,e.g., magnetic, magneto-optical disks, or optical disks. Informationcarriers suitable for embodying computer program instructions and datainclude all forms of nonvolatile memory, including by way of examplesemiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memorydevices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks;magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor andthe memory may be supplemented by, or incorporated in special purposelogic circuitry.

To provide for interaction with a user, implementations may beimplemented on a computer having a display device, e.g., a cathode raytube (CRT) or liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor, for displayinginformation to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device, e.g., amouse or a trackball, by which the user can provide input to thecomputer. Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interactionwith a user as well; for example, feedback provided to the user can beany form of sensory feedback, e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback,or tactile feedback; and input from the user can be received in anyform, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input.

Implementations may be implemented in a computing system that includes abackend component, e.g., as a data server, or that includes a middlewarecomponent, e.g., an application server, or that includes a frontendcomponent, e.g., a client computer having a graphical user interface ora Web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation,or any combination of such backend, middleware, or frontend components.Components may be interconnected by any form or medium of digital datacommunication, e.g., a communication network. Examples of communicationnetworks include a local area network (LAN) and a wide area network(WAN), e.g., the Internet.

The computing device according to example embodiments described hereinmay be implemented using any appropriate combination of hardware and/orsoftware configured for interfacing with a user including a user device,a user interface (UI) device, a user terminal, a client device, or acustomer device. The computing device may be implemented as a portablecomputing device, such as, for example, a laptop computer. The computingdevice may be implemented as some other type of portable computingdevice adapted for interfacing with a user, such as, for example, a PDA,a notebook computer, or a tablet computer. The computing device may beimplemented as some other type of computing device adapted forinterfacing with a user, such as, for example, a PC. The computingdevice may be implemented as a portable communication device (e.g., amobile phone, a smart phone, a wireless cellular phone, etc.) adaptedfor interfacing with a user and for wireless communication over anetwork including a mobile communications network.

The computer system (e.g., computing device) may be configured towirelessly communicate with a network server over a network via acommunication link established with the network server using any knownwireless communications technologies and protocols including radiofrequency (RF), microwave frequency (MWF), and/or infrared frequency(IRF) wireless communications technologies and protocols adapted forcommunication over the network.

In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, implementations of varioustechniques described herein may be implemented in digital electroniccircuitry, or in computer hardware, firmware, software, or incombinations of them. Implementations may be implemented as a computerprogram product (e.g., a computer program tangibly embodied in aninformation carrier, a machine-readable storage device, acomputer-readable medium, a tangible computer-readable medium), forprocessing by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus(e.g., a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple computers). Insome implementations, a tangible computer-readable storage medium may beconfigured to store instructions that when executed cause a processor toperform a process. A computer program, such as the computer program(s)described above, may be written in any form of programming language,including compiled or interpreted languages, and may be deployed in anyform, including as a standalone program or as a module, component,subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. Acomputer program may be deployed to be processed on one computer or onmultiple computers at one site or distributed across multiple sites andinterconnected by a communication network.

Specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merelyrepresentative for purposes of describing example embodiments. Exampleembodiments, however, may be embodied in many alternate forms and shouldnot be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the embodiments.As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,”“comprising,” “includes,” and/or “including,” when used in thisspecification, specify the presence of the stated features, steps,operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude thepresence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations,elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being“coupled,” “connected,” or “responsive” to, or “on,” another element, itcan be directly coupled, connected, or responsive to, or on, the otherelement, or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, whenan element is referred to as being “directly coupled,” “directlyconnected,” or “directly responsive” to, or “directly on,” anotherelement, there are no intervening elements present. As used herein theterm “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of theassociated listed items.

Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,”“upper,” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description todescribe one element or feature in relationship to another element(s) orfeature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that thespatially relative terms are intended to encompass differentorientations of the device in use or operation in addition to theorientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in thefigures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” otherelements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elementsor features. Thus, the term “below” can encompass both an orientation ofabove and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 80degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptorsused herein may be interpreted accordingly.

Example embodiments of the present inventive concepts are describedherein with reference to cross-sectional illustrations that areschematic illustrations of idealized embodiments (and intermediatestructures) of example embodiments. As such, variations from the shapesof the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturingtechniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, exampleembodiments of the present inventive concepts should not be construed aslimited to the particular shapes of regions illustrated herein but areto include deviations in shapes that result, for example, frommanufacturing. Accordingly, the regions illustrated in the figures areschematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate theactual shape of a region of a device and are not intended to limit thescope of example embodiments.

It will be understood that although the terms “first,” “second,” etc.may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements shouldnot be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguishone element from another. Thus, a “first” element could be termed a“second” element without departing from the teachings of the presentembodiments.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientificterms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by oneof ordinary skill in the art to which this present inventive conceptbelongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those definedin commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaningthat is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant artand/or the present specification and will not be interpreted in anidealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

While certain features of the described implementations have beenillustrated as described herein, many modifications, substitutions,changes, and equivalents will now occur to those skilled in the art. Itis, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended tocover all such modifications and changes as fall within the scope of theimplementations. It should be understood that they have been presentedby way of example only, not limitation, and various changes in form anddetails may be made. Any portion of the apparatus and/or methodsdescribed herein may be combined in any combination, except mutuallyexclusive combinations. The implementations described herein can includevarious combinations and/or sub-combinations of the functions,components, and/or features of the different implementations described.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method comprising: atleast one processing device; and memory storing instructions that whenexecuted cause the processing device to perform operations including:obtaining, from a first tracking system, an initial three-dimensional(3D) position of an electronic device in relation to image featurescaptured by a camera of the electronic device; obtaining, from a secondtracking system, an orientation associated with the electronic device;and responsive to detecting a movement of the electronic device:obtaining, from the second tracking system, an updated orientationassociated with the detected movement of the electronic device;generating and providing a query to the first tracking system, the querycorresponding to at least a portion of the image features and includingthe updated orientation and the initial 3D position of the electronicdevice; receiving, responsive to the query, a plurality of positionchanges for the portion of the image features in relation to the initial3D position of the electronic device; generating, for a sampled numberof the plurality of position changes, an updated 3D position for theelectronic device; generating a 6-DoF pose using the updated 3Dpositions and the updated orientation for the electronic device; andproviding, for display on the electronic device, a camera feed depictingmovement of the image features based on the movement of the electronicdevice, according to the generated 6-DoF pose.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein the updated 3D positions are generated using a periodic samplingof three dimensions of data for a plurality of image frames representingthe position of the portion of the image features relative to theposition of the electronic device.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein theperiodic sampling is performed using a threshold frame rate configuredto reduce jitter in the movement of the portion of the image featuresdepicted in the camera feed provided based on the generated 6-DoF pose.4. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the camera feed depictingmovement of the image features based on the movement of the electronicdevice according to the 6-DoF pose includes providing placement ofvirtual objects associated with the user in the camera feed according tothe 6-DoF pose each time the electronic device is moved.
 5. The methodof claim 1, wherein the image features include: portions of a face of auser being captured by the camera of the electronic device, the camerabeing a front facing camera; and augmented reality content associatedwith the user being captured by the front facing camera.
 6. The methodof claim 1, wherein: the first tracking system executes a facial featuretracking algorithm configured to determine 3D location changes for theimage features associated with at least one selected facial feature; andthe second tracking system is an inertial measurement unit (IMU)installed on the electronic device.
 7. The method of claim 1, whereincombining output from the first tracking system and output from thesecond tracking system enables tracking and placement of augmentedreality content based on the generated 6-DoF pose, and responsive to thedetected movement of the electronic device.
 8. The method of claim 1,wherein obtaining the updated orientation associated with the detectedmovement of the electronic device from the second tracking system isperformed in response to determining that the first tracking system isunable to provide both the position and orientation with 6-DoF.
 9. Anelectronic device comprising: a first tracking system configured togenerate a 6-DoF pose for the electronic device corresponding to imagefeatures depicted in a camera feed displayed by the electronic device,the 6-DoF pose being generated from: a determined orientation for theelectronic device, and a determined position for the electronic device,the determined position calculated using a facial feature trackingalgorithm configured to detect three-dimensional location changes for atleast one selected facial feature in the image features in the camerafeed displayed by the electronic device; a second tracking systemincluding at least one inertial measurement unit (IMU) for determiningan orientation of the electronic device in three-dimensional space; andat least one processor coupled to memory and configured to: trigger thefirst tracking system to generate the 6-Dof pose for the electronicdevice if the first tracking system operates within a predefinedconfidence threshold; trigger the second tracking system to generate analternate 6-DoF pose if the first tracking system failed to operatewithin the predefined confidence threshold, the alternate 6-DoF posegenerated by combining the determined position from the first trackingsystem and the orientation of the second tracking system; and trigger,for display on the electronic device, an updated camera feed depictingmovement of the image features based on the 6-DoF pose or the alternate6-DoF pose according to the determined operation of the first trackingsystem with respect to the predefined confidence threshold.
 10. Theelectronic device of claim 9, wherein the determination of whether thefirst tracking system operates within the predefined confidencethreshold is performed upon detecting movement of the electronic device.11. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the facial featuretracking algorithm of the first tracking system is configured toperform, upon detecting movement of the electronic device, adetermination of an updated position of the electronic device relativeto the at least one facial feature, the determination of the updatedposition of the electronic device including performing periodic samplingof three dimensions of data of a plurality of images of the at least onefacial feature to reduce jitter in the movement of the at least onefacial feature upon triggering the updated camera feed for display onthe electronic device.
 12. The electronic device of claim 9, furthercomprising at least one communication module to trigger transmission ofthe 6-DoF pose or the alternate 6-DoF pose to display the image featureson the electronic device based on a plurality of detected movements ofthe electronic device.
 13. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the6-DoF pose and the alternate 6-DoF pose indicate a position of theelectronic device relative to the at least one selected facial feature.14. A computer program product tangibly embodied on a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium and comprising instructions that, whenexecuted, are configured to cause at least one processor to: obtain,from a first tracking system, an initial three-dimensional (3D) positionof an electronic device in relation to image features captured by acamera of the electronic device; obtain, from a second tracking system,an orientation associated with the electronic device; and responsive todetecting a movement of the electronic device: obtain, from the secondtracking system, an updated orientation associated with the detectedmovement of the electronic device; generate and provide a query to thefirst tracking system, the query corresponding to at least a portion ofthe image features and including the updated orientation and the initial3D position of the electronic device; receive, responsive to the query,a plurality of position changes for the portion of the image features inrelation to the initial 3D position of the electronic device; generate,for a sampled number of the plurality of position changes, an updated 3Dposition for the electronic device; generate a 6-DoF pose using theupdated 3D positions and the updated orientation for the electronicdevice; and provide, for display on the electronic device, a camera feeddepicting movement of the image features based on the movement of theelectronic device, according to the generated 6-DoF pose.
 15. Thecomputer program product of claim 14, wherein the updated 3D positionsare generated using a periodic sampling of three dimensions of data fora plurality of image frames representing the position of the portion ofthe image features relative to the position of the electronic device.16. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein providing thecamera feed depicting movement of the image features based on themovement of the electronic device according to the 6-DoF pose includesproviding placement of virtual objects associated with the user in thecamera feed according to the 6-DoF pose each time the electronic deviceis moved.
 17. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein theimage features include: portions of a face of a user being captured bythe camera of the electronic device, the camera being a front facingcamera; and augmented reality content associated with the user beingcaptured by the front facing camera.
 18. The computer program product ofclaim 14, wherein: the first tracking system executes a facial featuretracking algorithm configured to determine 3D location changes for theimage features associated with at least one selected facial feature; andthe second tracking system is an inertial measurement unit (IMU)installed on the electronic device.
 19. The computer program product ofclaim 14, wherein combining output from the first tracking system andoutput from the second tracking system enables tracking and placement ofaugmented reality content based on the generated 6-DoF pose, andresponsive to the detected movement of the electronic device.
 20. Thecomputer program product of claim 14, wherein obtaining the updatedorientation associated with the detected movement of the electronicdevice from the second tracking system is performed in response todetermining that the first tracking system is unable to provide both theposition and orientation with 6-DoF.